Digital Operational Resilience in Islamic Banking: A Systematic Literature Review of Emerging Operational Risk Management Strategies in the Artificial Intelligence Era
Abstract
Akselerasi digitalisasi industri keuangan syariah global yang telah melampaui nilai aset USD 3,9 triliun menghadirkan risiko operasional baru yang sistemik mencakup risiko siber, risiko algoritmik, dan risiko kepatuhan syariah berbasis teknologi seiring meluasnya adopsi kecerdasan buatan (AI), cloud computing, dan big data analytics oleh institusi keuangan Islam. Tujuan: Memetakan lanskap konseptual Digital Operational Resilience (DOR) pada perbankan syariah di era AI, mengidentifikasi dimensi risiko kritis, serta mensintesis strategi manajemen risiko operasional yang relevan dari literatur ilmiah yang ada. Metode: Systematic Literature Review (SLR) berbasis protokol PRISMA (Moher et al., 2009) dengan kerangka PICO, mencakup pencarian pada lima basis data utama (Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, ProQuest, Google Scholar) rentang 2015–2024. Hasil: Dari 2.847 rekaman awal, 94 artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Tiga dimensi risiko kritis teridentifikasi: risiko siber, risiko algoritmik, dan risiko kepatuhan syariah berbasis teknologi. Dominasi literatur dari MENA (38,3%) dan Asia Tenggara (29,8%) mencerminkan konsentrasi institusional keuangan syariah global. Kesimpulan: Perbankan syariah menghadapi transformasi risiko operasional fundamental akibat adopsi AI. Penelitian ini berkontribusi secara teoritis dengan memetakan kesenjangan konseptual antara kerangka manajemen risiko konvensional dan kebutuhan unik institusi keuangan Islam dalam membangun ketahanan operasional digital berbasis maqashid al-syariah.
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